Description: Segment 1 Mr Newman begins the lecture by explaining the term spondylolisthesis, showing an x-ray of the spinal disorder. Illustrations of affected vertebrae are seen and Newman describes the characteristics of the disorder. Tables show the three categories that lesions of the bony hook are divided into: facet deficiency, neural arch deficiency and bone deficiency. He runs through each category, describing symptoms and characteristics. He lists five groups of causes: congenital, spondylolytic, traumatic, degenerative and pathological. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:04:58:24 Length: 00:04:58:24 Segment 2 Newman explains that he will talk about the three most common groups in his lecture (congenital, spondylolytic and pathological). Illustrations of the three types are seen compared to an illustration of a normal spine. A graph shows onset of symptoms by age group, by sex and by signs of neurological abnormalities, and Newman also goes into more detail about the congenital group of patients. X-rays of the vertebrae of a 6-year-old and 14-year-old are seen. A photograph of a bony specimen is also seen, as well as further x-rays of sclerotic deficient lumbar-sacral joints. Newman also discusses the symptoms of the condition and shows photographs of characteristic spine shapes. Time start: 00:04:58:24 Time end: 00:10:17:06 Length: 00:05:18:07 Segment 3 Newman continues to discuss the characteristics of congenital spondylolisthesis. He describes pregnancies and labour in women who have the condition, saying that normally there are no foetal deaths or caesarean sections. Next, he addresses treatment, usually surgical. X-rays are seen and Newman describes the operative treatment to correct the condition. Photographs of before and after are seen. Newman next discusses the next most common group of patients - spondylolytic. He describes the common features of the group and shows x-rays. Time start: 00:10:17:06 Time end: 00:15:10:00 Length: 00:04:53:19 Segment 4 Newman describes a study of 800 skeletons, which showed that incidence of spondylolisthesis increased with age. He describes surgical treatment for the spondylolytic group and before and after x-rays are seen. X-rays of lesions that have healed after posterolateral fusion are seen. Next, Newman addresses the last most common group of patients - those with degenerative spondylolisthesis. He describes the condition and symptoms and shows x-rays of a typical case. Time start: 00:15:10:00 Time end: 00:20:25:22 Length: 00:05:15:22