Description: Segment 1 Prof. Brent introduces the subject of graft rejection. He shows photographs of male patients who have received kidney transplants, some immediately successful and some requiring further transplants which were then successful. He shows photographs of lymph nodes from a child with De Georges Syndrome who received a thymus gland, another case with no rejection of the organ. Brent then begins to explain why some cases fail. He discusses this with the aid of a table illustrating the allograft (donated tissues or organs) reaction and with photographs of rejected transplants. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:05:53:10 Length: 00:05:53:10 Segment 2 Brent shows photographs of other cases in test animals such as a mouse and chicken. He shows a photomicrograph of an acute rejection of a new kidney. He shows a chart that details how this basic response has evolved over the years. Time start: 00:05:53:10 Time end: 00:09:12:00 Length: 00:03:18:15 Segment 3 Brent explains how antigens incite the rejection of transplanted tissues and organs. He displays a flowchart that explains what happens to tissue culture in vitro. He discusses this process and shows a picture of a tissue culture. Time start: 00:09:12:00 Time end: 00:14:19:19 Length: 00:05:07:19 Segment 4 Brent shows a chart that describes the histocompatibility genes. He explains some of the genetic regions on the chart, and also how antigens are inherited from parents. Time start: 00:14:19:19 Time end: 00:19:41:00 Length: 00:05:21:06 Segment 6 Prof. Brent explains how corneal transplantation is not affected by the same laws as other tissues. He shows a photograph of an eye and explains how corneal transplantation works. He then explains two ways in which an immunological response to antigens may occur, with the aid of a diagram. A case study of a mouse receiving a skin graft is discussed. Another chart is shown detailing a further case study using mice. Time start: 00:24:09:00 Time end: 00:30:35:10 Length: 00:06:26:10. Segment 7 A picture of two mice is shown. Brent desribes an experiment in which one mouse was injected with foreign spleen cells and the other was not (this one is larger). Brent explains why the foreign cells inhibited normal development of the smaller mouse. He shows another photograph of a thickened artery from a transplanted kidney and explains why it failed. He then shows a graph showing the percentage of successful renal grafts and discusses the results. Time start: 00:30:35:10 Time end: 00:36:20:00 Length: 00:05:44:15. Segment 8 Brent discusses the use of drugs in kidney transplantation. A photograph of a female patient is shown who was treated with various drugs and had unpleasant side-effects. He shows another photo of a pelvic x-ray showing osteoporosis, a possible side-effect of strong corticosteroids. A photograph of an infected tongue is shown, yet another side-effect. Brent discusses various ways to manipulate the immunological response, blocking antigens or lymphocytes for example. A photograph of a mouse that was injected with spleen cells is shown, and Brent discusses the case. Time start: 00:36:20:00 Time end: 00:43:27:14 Length: 00:07:07:14. Segment 9 Brent discusses a case study performed by scientists Batchelor and French in which a rat received a kidney graft. He uses various charts to show the results of this particular experiment. The lecture concludes with Brent saying that although much progress has been made in organ and tissue transplantation, a lot more work remains to be done. Time start: 00:43:27:14 Time end: 00:48:51:23 Length: 00:05:24:09