Description: Segment 1 Dr Gibson introduces the subject and says that echocardiography has become indispensable in the assessment of patients with heart disease. An animated illustrative diagram is shown of a boundary wall between two different mediums. Gibson explains how the echocardiogram works across the boundary between the two mediums. An illustration of a dissected heart is shown and Gibson briefly explains its anatomy and where to place the transducer when taking the echocardiogram. An echocardiogram of the anterior cusp is seen, and he explains how to read it. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:06:32:11 Length: 00:06:32:11 Segment 2 Another echocardiogram is shown and Gibson explains how to read the normal mitra-diastolic closure. Another echocardiogram is seen from a patient with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Dr Gibson explains the reading. A further echocardiogram is seen from a patient with a disorganised and calcified mitral valve. Another is shown and Gibson explains how to measure the diastolic closure rate. Time start: 00:06:32:11 Time end: 00:10:38:00 Length: 00:04:05:14 Segment 3 A mitral valve echo from a patient with ruptured chordae tendineae is seen and Gibson analyses it. Another echocardiogram is seen showing another type of mitral valve abnormality. Another is seen, this time showing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The next echocardiogram is from a patient with severe aortic regurgitation. Gibson analyses all of these images. Time start: 00:10:38:00 Time end: 00:15:23:10 Length: 00:04:45:10 Segment 4 A further echocardiogram from a female patient who developed acute staphylococcal endocarditis of the aortic valve during pregnancy. A chest x-ray from a patient with mitral stenosis is seen, as well as an echocardiogram from the same patient. Gibson analyses all of these. Another echocardiogram is seen from a patient with mid-diastolic murmur and systemic embolism. An angiogram from a similar patient is shown. An echocardiogram from a patient with mitral stenosis is seen, and Gibson explains how to read it. Time start: 00:15:23:10 Time end: 00:20:08:17 Length: 00:04:45:15 Segment 6 Gibson says that a major application of echocardiography is studying left ventricular function. An early echocardiogram is seen. Another is seen from a normal subject, and Gibson explains how to read it. A computerised cineangiogram is seen, showing the outline of the opacified left ventricular cavity. A chart is seen, showing n-systole and n-diastole. Gibson explains how to read the chart and how to use the data. Time start: 00:24:54:00 Time end: 00:30:07:05 Length: 00:05:13:05. Segment 7 Gibson compares measurements from echocardiographs and angiographs in the same patients. A graph shows the results from 23 patients. A digitised cineangiogram of a patient with poor left ventricular function is seen. The echocardiogram from the same patient is then shown and Gibson analyses them. Another echocardiogram is seen, from a patient with ischaemic heart disease, followed by an angiogram of a patient with mitral and aortal regurgitation is seen. A diagram is seen looking at systole and diastole rates. Another graph is shown, and Gibson analyses all the charts to see if the data can be used practically. Time start: 00:30:07:05 Time end: 00:35:00:00 Length: 00:04:52:20. Segment 8 An echocardiogram of a patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis is seen a computer-generated graph shows the heart rate of the same patient. A graph showing the rate of wall movement in three patients after surgical replacement of a mitral valve is seen. Another echocardiogram of a patient with alternate ventricular ectopic beats is seen. Gibson explains that echocardiograms are useful in studying the septum. He also says they are useful in studying the left ventricular anatomy in association with the great arteries and the AV valves in congenital heart disease. An echocardiogram from such a patient is seen. Another is shown from a patient with an atrial septal defect. Time start: 00:35:00:00 Time end: 00:41:12:12 Length: 00:06:12:12. Segment 9 Gibson explains how to read the relationship between the mitral valve and the septum using an echocardiogram. Another is seen that shows the relationships between the great arteries and the septum to be abnormal, then another is shown from a patient with no septum. The final echocardiogram is from a patient with a double outlet right ventricle. The lecture ends with Gibson summarising that echocardiography has a great deal to contribute in the assessment of patients with heart disease. Time start: 00:41:12:12 Time end: 00:46:28:06 Length: 00:05:15:19